Impactos de la develación del abuso sexual infantil en las figuras parentales no ofensoras: una revisión sistemática (2011-2021)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/ALTERN.23025

Palabras clave:

abuso sexual infantil, develación, impactos, figuras parentales no ofensoras, víctimas indirectas

Resumen

Introducción. La presente revisión sistemática se centra en las publicaciones sobre los impactos de la develación del abuso sexual infantil en las figuras parentales no ofensoras. Los antecedentes empíricos previos muestran que el apoyo de las figuras parentales sería un factor clave en la salud mental y pronóstico de recuperación de los niños y niñas después de la develación. Estas figuras han reportado experiencias de estrés y menoscabo a raíz de la develación de sus hijos o hijas. Los impactos de la develación en las madres han sido mayoritariamente estudiados en las últimas décadas. Cobra relevancia el desarrollo de un estudio de revisión sistemática centrada en los impactos en las figuras parentales no ofensoras a raíz de la develación del abuso sexual de sus hijos o hijas, en la dimensión personal y parental. De manera específica se busca reconocer 1) los impactos emocionales en las figuras parentales, 2) los impactos en el ejercicio de la parentalidad y 3) los impactos en la identidad de las figuras parentales. Metodología. Se desarrolla una revisión sistemática bajo la metodología PRISMA Versión 2020. Se analiza la evidencia empírica disponible acerca de los impactos de la develación en las figuras parentales entre el año 2011 y 2021 en dos bases de datos de corriente principal, Web of Science y Scopus. Se seleccionan un total de 26 estudios empíricos que cumplen los criterios de inclusión y elegibilidad. Resultados. Los estudios muestran que las figuras parentales sufren diversos impactos emocionales ligados a la experiencia abusiva de sus hijos o hijas. Junto con esto, el ejercicio de su parentalidad se ve afectada, desarrollando prácticas de crianza centradas en las necesidades de cuidado y protección de los niños y niñas, con expresiones de ansiedad y sobreprotección. Finalmente, existe una redefinición de la identidad de figura protectora, a partir del cuestionamiento y autoreproche respecto de su rol parental. Discusión. Los impactos emocionales de las figuras parentales pueden ser entendidos desde la noción de víctima secundaria, que sufre estrés y menoscabo a raíz de la develación del abuso de sus hijos o hijas. Sin embargo, esta noción no es suficiente para dar cuenta de la complejidad de los impactos relacionales, siendo relevante reconocer cambios en la concepción y prácticas de crianza, junto con un cambio de posicionamiento respecto de su rol como figura protectora. Conclusiones. Como proyecciones para la investigación, se recomienda el desarrollo de estudios que aborden tanto a figuras femeninas como masculinas, y que analicen los impactos diferenciados según género. Asimismo, se sugiere la realización de investigaciones que profundicen en los impactos familiares de la develación del abuso sexual, incluyendo las vivencias de los hermanos de los niños o niñas víctimas. Además, la evidencia permite sustentar intervenciones psicosociales que sean sensibles y pertinentes a las necesidades de las familias y a las particularidades de las figuras parentales, para afrontar los desafíos postdevelación.

 

Financiación

El trabajo ha sido financiado por la Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo ANID de Chile. Programa Desarrollo de Capital Humano. Beca Doctoral Nacional/2017, Folio N.º21170739.

Citas

Alarcón, M., Ojeda, R., Ticse, I. & Cajachagua, K., (2015). Análisis crítico de ensayo clínicos aleatorizados. Riesgo de sesgo. Revista Estomatológica Herediana, 25(4), 304-308. https://doi.org/10.20453/reh.v25i4.2742

Banyard, V., Rozelle, D. & Englund, D. (2001). Parenting the traumatized child: Attending to the needs of nonoffending caregivers of traumatized children. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(1), 74-87. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.1.74

Barth, J., Bermetz, L., Heim, E., Trelle, S. & Tonia, T. (2013). The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 58(3), 469–483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-012-0426-1

Blaustein, M.E. & Kinniburgh, K.M. (2017). Attachment, self-regulation, and competency (ARC). In M. Landolt, M. Cloitre & U. Schnyder (Eds.), Evidence-Based Treatments for Trauma Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents (pp. 299-319). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46138-0_14

Bux, W., Cartwright, D. & Collings, S. (2016). The experience of non-offending caregivers following the disclosure of child sexual abuse: Understanding the aftermath. South African Journal of Psychology, 46(1), 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246315595038

Cabbigat, F. & Kangas, M. (2018). Parental relations and family functioning in non-offending caregivers of abused children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(4), 1287-1298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0972-5

Cahalane, H. & Duff, S. (2013). Treatment implications arising from a qualitative analysis of letters written by the nonoffending partners of men who have perpetrated child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 22(6), 720-41. https://doi-.org/10.1080/10538712.2013.811138

Capella, C. (2010). Develación del abuso sexual en niños y adolescentes: Un artículo de revisión. Revista Chilena de Psiquiatría y Neurología de la Infancia y Adolescencia, 21(1), 44–56. Recuperado de https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-574176

Cohen, J. & Mannarino, A. (2000). Predictors of treatment outcome in sexually abused children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(7), 983-994. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00153-8

Collin-Vézina, D., Daigneault, I. & Hébert, M. (2013). Lessons learned from child sexual abuse research: prevalence, outcomes, and preventive strategies. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 7, 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-7-22

Coulter, S. & Mooney, S. (2018). Much more than PTSD. Mother’s narratives of the impact of trauma on child survivors and their families. Contemporary Family Therapy, 40(3), 226-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-017-9408-z

Crabtree, E., Wilson, C. & McElvaney, R. (2018). Childhood sexual abuse: Sibling perspectives. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(5–6), 3304-3325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518769356

Cummings, J. (2018). Transformational change in parenting practices after child interpersonal trauma: A grounded theory examination of parental response. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.005

Cyr, M., Hébert, M., Frappier, J., Tourigny, M., McDuff, P. & Turcotte, M. (2014). Parental support provided by nonoffending caregivers to sexually abused children: A Comparison between mothers and fathers. Journal of Child Custody, 11(3). 216-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/15379418.2014.954688

Cyr, M., Frappier, J., Hébert, M., Tourigny, M., McDuff, P. & Turcotte, M. (2016). Psychological and Physical Health of Nonoffending Parents After Disclosure of Sexual Abuse of Their Child. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(7), 757-776. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2016.1228726

Cyr, M., Frappier, J., Hébert, M., Tourigny, M., McDuff, P. & Turcotte, M. (2018). Impact of child sexual abuse disclosure on the health of nonoffending parents: A longitudinal perspective. Journal of Child Custody, 15(2), 147–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/15379418.2018.1460649

Daignault, I., Hebert, M., Cyr, M. & Pelletier, M. (2021); Correlates and predictors of mothers' adaptation and trauma symptoms following the unveiling of the sexual abuse of their child. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(11-12), NP5784–NP5808. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518808849

Davies, M. & Bennett, D. (2021). Parenting stress in non-offending caregivers of sexually abused children. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 31(6), 633-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2021.1985676

Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., Steil, R., Clohessy, S., Wenninger, K. & Winter, H. (2002). The nature of intrusive memories after trauma: the warning signal hypothesis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(9), 995-1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00077-8

Elliot, A. & Carnes, C. (2001). Nonoffending mothers of sexually abused children; Reactions of nonoffending parents to the sexual abuse of their child; A review of the literature. Child Maltreatment, 6(4), 314-331. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559501006004005

Figley, C. & Kiser, L. (2013). Helping traumatized families. (2nd Edition). New York: Routledge.

Figley, C., & Burnette, C. (2017). Building bridges: Connecting systemic trauma and family resilience in the study and treatment of diverse traumatized families. Traumatology, 23(1), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000089

Finkelhor, D. & Hotaling, G. (1984). Sexual abuse in the national incidence study of child abuse and neglect. An appraisal. Child Abuse & Neglect, 8(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(84)90046-2

Fong, H., Bennett, C., Mondestin, V., Scribano, P., Mollen, C. & Wood, J. (2016). Caregiver perceptions about mental health services after child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 51, 284-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.09.009

Fong, H., Bennett, C., Mondestin, V., Scribano, P., Mollen, C. & Wood, J. (2020). The impact of child sexual abuse discovery on caregivers and families: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(21-22), 4189-4215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517714437

Foster, J. (2014). Supporting child victims of sexual abuse. The Family Journal, 22(3), 332-338, https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480714529746

Fuller, G. (2016). Non-offending parents as secondary victims of child sexual assault. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (500), 1-7. Recuperado de https://www.aic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-05/tandi500.pdf

Godbout, N., Briere, J., Sabourin, S. & Lussier, Y. (2014). Child sexual abuse and subsequent relational and personal functioning: The role of parental support. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(2), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.001

Hiebert-Murphy, D. (2000). Factors related to mothers’ perceptions of parenting following their children’s disclosures of sexual abuse. Child Maltreatment, 5(3), 251–260. https://doi.org/https://doi-org.pucdechile.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/1077559500005003005

Hill, A. (2005). Patterns of non-offending parental involvement in therapy with sexually abused children: A review of the literature. Journal of Social Work, 5(3), 339-358. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017305058939

Hill, A. (2009). Combining professional expertize and service user expertize: Negotiating therapy for sexually abused children. British Journal of Social Work, 39(2), 261-279. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm120

Hill, A. (2012). Help for children after child sexual abuse: Using a qualitative approach to design and test therapeutic interventions that may include non-offending parents. Qualitative Social Work: Research and Practice, 11(4), 362-378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325012438078

Hornor, G. (2010). Child sexual abuse: Consequences and implications. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 24(6), 358–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2009.07.003

Hutchison, E.D. (2015). A life course perspective. In E.D. Hutchison, E. (Ed.), Dimensions of Human Behavior: The Changing Life Course (5th ed.) (pp. 1-40). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Jobe-Shields, L., Swiecicki, C., Fritz, D.R., Stinnette, J. & Hanson, R. (2016). Posttraumatic stress and depression in the nonoffending caregivers of sexually abused children: Associations with parenting practices. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(1), 110-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2015.1078867

Kilroy, S., Egan, J., Maliszewska, A. & Sarma, K. (2014). Systemic trauma. The impact on parents whose children have experienced sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23(5), 481-503. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2014.920458

Kim, K., Noll, J., Putnam, F. & Trickett, P. (2007). Psychosocial characteristics of nonoffending mothers of sexually abused girls: Findings from a prospective, multigenerational study. Child Maltreatment, 12(4), 338–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559507305997

Kim, K.H., Kim, K.M. (2011). Mothers’ survival experiences in cases of incestuous sexual abuse of girls. Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 17(2), 96-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2011.11666109

Kinniburgh, K., Blaustein, M., Spinazzola, J. & Van Der Kolk, B. (2005). Attachment, self-regulation, and competency. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 424-430. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20050501-08

Kliethermes, M., Drewry, K. & Wamser-Nanney, R. (2017). Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. In M. Landolt, M. Cloitre & U. Schnyder (Eds.), Evidence-Based Treatments for Trauma Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents (pp. 167-186). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46138-0_8

Langevin, R., Hébert, M., Allard‐Dansereau, C. & Bernard‐Bonnin, A. (2016). Emotion regulation in sexually abused preschoolers: The contribution of parental factors. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 29(2), 180-184. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22082

Lipinsky, A. & Goldner, L. (2021). “God, why?”: The experience of mothers from the Israeli ultra-orthodox sector after their child’s disclosure of sexual abuse. Journal of interpersonal Violence, 37(17-18), 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211021982

Mangold, A., King, A. & Herting, N. (2021). The role of children's PTSD symptomatology in non-offending caregivers' secondary traumatic stress symptomatology following disclosures of sexual or physical abuse. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 15(3), 553-565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-021-00408-3

Manion, I., McIntyre, J., Firestone, P., Ligezinska, M., Ensom, R. & Wells, G. (1996). Secondary traumatization in parents following the disclosure of extrafamilial child sexual abuse: initial effects. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(11), 1095-1109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(96)00098-1

Masilo, G. & Davhana-Maselesele, M. (2016). Experiences of mothers of sexually abused children in North-West province, post disclosure. Curationis, 39(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v39i1.1659

McCallum, S. (2001). Nonoffending mothers: An exploratory study of mothers whose partners sexually assaulted their children. Violence against Women, 7(3), 315-334. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778010122182460

McCourt, J., Peel, J. & O'Carroll, P. (1998). The effects of child sexual abuse on the protecting parents. Identifying a counselling response for secondary victims. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 11(3). 283-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515079808254061

McDonald, M. (2008). The nature of epiphanic experience. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 48(1), 89–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167807311878

McElvaney, R. & Nixon, E. (2019). Parents’ experiences of their child’s disclosure of child sexual abuse. Family Process, 59(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12507

McPhillips, K., Salter, M., Roberts-Pedersen, E. & Kezelman, C. (2020). Understanding trauma as a system of psycho-social harm: Contributions from the Australian Royal Commission into child sex abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 99, 104232-104232 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104232

Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P. & Stewart, L. A. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic reviews, 4(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1

Ogden, P., Pain, C. y Minton, K. (2009). El trauma y el cuerpo. Un modelo sensoriomotriz de psicoterapia. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer.

O’Leary, P., Coohey, C. & Easton, S. D. (2010). The Effect of severe child sexual abuse and disclosure on mental health during adulthood. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 19(3), 275-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538711003781251

Page, M., McKenzie, J., Bossuyt, P., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., Mulrow, C.D… Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. British Medical Journal, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.N71

Paolucci, E., Genuis, M., & Violato, C. (2001). A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of child sexual abuse. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 135(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980109603677

Phifer, D. (2016). The lived experiences of the non-victim sibling in cases of intra-familial child sexual abuse. (Dissertation Tesis). Northcentral University, Prescott Valley, Arizona. Recuperado de https://www.proquest.com/docview/1816212975?pq-origsite=primo

Pitillas, C. (2022). Peligro y circularidad en las relaciones diádicas tempranas: un estudio de caso. Clínica Contemporánea, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.5093/cc2022a16

Powell, B., Cooper, G., Hoffman, K. y Marvin, B. (2019). El círculo de seguridad: Cómo mejorar el apego en las relaciones entre padres e hijos mediante la intervención temprana. Sitges: Eleftheria.

Plummer, C. & Eastin, J. (2007). The effect of child sexual abuse allegations/ investigations on the mother/child relationship. Violence Against Women, 13(10), 1053-1071. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515586362

Putnam, F. (2003). Ten-year research update review: Child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(3), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200303000-00006

Rancher, C., Smith, D., Orengo-Aguayo, R., Jackson, M. & Jouriles, E. (2022). Measurement invariance of caregiver support following sexual abuse across age, relationship, and language. Child Abuse & Neglect, 125, 105488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105488

Runyon, M., Spandorfer, E. & Schroeder, C. (2014). Cognitions and distress in caregivers after their child’s sexual abuse disclosure. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23(2), 146-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2014.869291

Santa-Sosa, E., Steer, R., Deblinger, E. & Runyon, M. (2013). Depression and parenting by nonoffending mothers of children who experienced sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 22(8), 915-930. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2013.841309

Sheinberg, M. & True, F. (2008). Treating family relational trauma: a recursive process using a decision dialogue. Family Process, 47(2), 173-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2008.00247.x

Schönbucher, V., Maier, T., Mohler-Kuo, M., Schnyder, U. & Landolt, M. (2012). Disclosure of child sexual abuse by adolescents: A qualitative in-depth study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(17), 3486-3513. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260512445380

Serin, H. (2018). Non-abusing mothers’ support needs after child sexual abuse disclosure: A narrative review. Child and Family Social Work, 23(3). 539-548. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12455

Spataro, J., Mullen, P., Burgess, P., Wells, D. & Moss, S. (2004). Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health: prospective study in males and females. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(5), 416-421. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.5.416

Sufredini, F., Moré, C., Krenkel, S. & Crepaldi, M. (2020). Narratives of mothers whose children had been sexually abused: Maternal reactions and comprehension regarding. Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse, 37(5–6), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520948520

Stiller, A. & Hellmann, D. (2017). In the aftermath of disclosing child sexual abuse: consequences, needs, and wishes. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 23(3), 251-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2017.1318964

Stoltenborgh, M., Van IJzendoorn, M., Euser, E. & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. (2011). A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16(2), 79-101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559511403920

Szyfer, A. & Goldner, L. (2021). The experience of mothers from the israeli jewish ultra- orthodox sector after disclosure of their child’s sexual abuse as manifested in drawings and narratives. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 31(1), 86-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2021.1918307

Tener, D., Lusky, E., Tarshish, N. & Turjeman, S. (2018). Parental attitudes following disclosure of sibling sexual abuse: A child advocacy center intervention study. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 88(6), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000311

Thomas, S. & Hall, J. (2008). Life trajectories of female child abuse survivors thriving in adulthood. Qualitative Health Research, 18(2), 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732307312201

Van Toledo, A. & Seymour, F. (2016). Caregiver needs following disclosure of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(4), 403-414. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2016.1156206

Vilvens, H., Jones, D. & Vaughn, L. (2021). Exploring the Recovery of Non-offending Parents after a Child's Sexual Abuse Event. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(11), 2690-2704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02082-3

Vladimir, M. & Robertson, D. (2020). The lived experiences of non-offending fathers with children who survived sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(3), 312-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2019.1620396

Waters, E. & Cummings, E. (2000). A secure base from which to explore close relationships. Child Development, 71(1), 164-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00130

World Health Organization (1999). Report of the consultation on child abuse prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization. Recuperado de https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65900

Descargas

Estadísticas

Estadísticas en RUA

Publicado

12-07-2023

Cómo citar

Latorre Latorre, M. S. (2023). Impactos de la develación del abuso sexual infantil en las figuras parentales no ofensoras: una revisión sistemática (2011-2021). Alternativas. Cuadernos De Trabajo Social, 30(2), 250–275. https://doi.org/10.14198/ALTERN.23025

Número

Sección

Artículos